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2026 Japanese general election

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2026 Japanese general election
← 2024
8 February 2026 (2026-02-08)
All 465 seats in the House of Representatives
233 seats needed for a majority
Opinion polls
 
Leader Sanae Takaichi Yoshihiko Noda
Tetsuo Saito 		Hirofumi Yoshimura
Fumitake Fujita
Party LDP Centrist Reform Ishin
Last election 191 seats 172 seats[a] 38 seats
Current seats 198 167 34
Seats needed Increase35 Increase66 Increase199
 
Leader Yuichiro Tamaki Taro Yamamoto Tomoko Tamura
Party DPP Reiwa JCP
Last election 28 seats 9 seats 8 seats
Current seats 27 8 8
Seats needed Increase205 Increase225 Increase225
 
Leader Kazuhiro Haraguchi
Takashi Kawamura 		Sohei Kamiya Naoki Hyakuta
Party Tax Cuts Sanseitō CPJ
Last election Did not exist 3 seats 3 seats
Current seats 5 2 1
Seats needed Increase228 Increase231 Increase232
Incumbent Prime Minister

Sanae Takaichi
LDP



Election board in Shibuya, Tokyo

Early general elections are scheduled to be held in Japan on 8 February 2026 to elect all 465 seats of the House of Representatives, the lower house of the National Diet.[1] Voting will take place in all constituencies, including proportional blocks, to elect all 465 members of the House of Representatives.[2]

The election will be held four months into Sanae Takaichi's tenure as Prime Minister of Japan, which began on 21 October after she won the 2025 Liberal Democratic Party presidential election and formed the Liberal Democratic Party–Japan Innovation Party coalition.

Background

[edit]

Resignation of Shigeru Ishiba

[edit]

The 2024 Japanese general election and 2025 Japanese House of Councillors election both resulted in the loss of majorities for the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) and Komeito governing coalition under Prime Minister Ishiba.[3][4] After both elections, Ishiba invoked a parliamentary plurality in both houses, and believed the LDP had a responsibility to lead the government, as it would in most other parliamentary democracies.[5] Pressure continued to mount on Ishiba to resign as the LDP president, but he refused and said he planned to continue serving as Prime Minister.[6]

On 7 September, Ishiba announced that he would resign as president of the Liberal Democratic Party of Japan.[7][8][9] Ishiba stated he sought to claim "responsibility" as party leader for losses in recent elections, and to avoid dividing the party.[10] Ishiba's announcement effectively cancelled the emergency election process entirely. He instead instructed LDP Secretary-General Hiroshi Moriyama, whose resignation had not been accepted by Ishiba, to begin the process to hold an extraordinary presidential election.[11] Ishiba said he determined now was the "appropriate time" to step aside, after a written version of the Japan–U.S. tariff agreement had been finalized.[12] Ishiba promised to continue serving as Prime Minister until a new leader was elected, and did not endorse a candidate in the subsequent election. His tenure lasted about one year.[13] In the LDP leadership election on 5 October, Takaichi was elected as the LDP's first woman president. In her first acts as party president, Takaichi appointed Tarō Asō as vice president and Shun'ichi Suzuki as secretary-general of the LDP.[14]

Premiership of Sanae Takaichi

[edit]
See also: Liberal Democratic Party–Japan Innovation Party coalition

On 10 October, Komeito chief representative Tetsuo Saito announced that it would leave the ruling coalition, over disagreements with Takaichi's leadership and the party's handling of the 2023–2024 Japanese slush fund scandal, ending 26 years of the LDP–Komeito coalition.[15] Following this, the vote to confirm Takaichi as prime minister was delayed to 20 October.[15] On 20 October, Takaichi and the Japan Innovation Party (Ishin) leader Hirofumi Yoshimura agreed to sign a coalition agreement. Takaichi was elected prime minister by the Diet on 21 October, with the support of Ishin and independents, and the right-wing conservative coalition was formed.[16]

Early election call

[edit]

On 13 January 2026, it emerged that Takaichi had communicated her intention to dissolve the House of Representatives when it re-convened on 23 January to senior LDP officials.[17][18][19][20] Subsequently, the LDP instructed its prefectural chapters to register general election candidates by 19 January.[21] Japanese national broadcaster NHK reported that the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications had instructed prefectural election boards to prepare for a general election.[22] In response to an apparently leaked LDP projection of the results of an election, LDP officials said that "260 seats seems like too much in reality", and that "within the party, it's assumed that at least a single majority of 233 seats will be won".[23]

On 19 January, Takaichi officially announced her intention to dissolve the House of Representatives on 23 January at a press conference.[24] Campaigning would begin on 27 January, with election day on 8 February.[25]

CDP–Komeito merge

[edit]
Main article: Centrist Reform Alliance

In response to the reports of an imminent election, the CDP considered forming a new political alliance with opposition parties to run a single proportional representation list against the LDP, potentially including Komeito, who previously had a 26-year alliance with the governing LDP.[26] The CDP also instructed its prefectural chapters to meet with Komeito's local organisations, and Diet members to seek electoral cooperation.[27] On 14 January, it was found that the cooperation between the CDP and Komeito had begun with view to a merger of the two parties.[28] The merged party would caucus separately in the House of Councillors, but operate as a single party in the House of Representatives, with current CDP leader Yoshihiko Noda and Komeito leader Tetsuo Saito serving as co-leaders.[29] The merged party's proposed name was Chūdō Kaikaku (中道改革; Centrist Reform),[30][31] before its official name was finalised as Chūdō Kaikaku Rengō (中道改革連合; lit. Centrist Reform Alliance).[32] Saito said that Noda would be named prime minister if the Centrist Reform Alliance won the election.[33]

Komeito also announced it would not contest any constituency seats in favour of running in the proportional blocks.[34] Jiji Press created a model of the constituency seats which projected that the LDP would win 97 constituency seats and the CDP would win 139 with the results of the 2024 election.[35] Nippon Television projected that, with a hypothetical CDP–Komeito merger, the LDP would retain just 60 of its 132 single member districts with the 2024 election.[36] As a result of this merger, the new Centrist Reform Alliance (CRA) would now have 172 seats in the National Diet, thus significantly weakening the LDP's already fragile grip on power.[37][38][39]

Electoral system

[edit]

The 465 seats of the House of Representatives are contested via parallel voting. Of these, 289 members are elected in single-member constituencies using first-past-the-post voting, while 176 members are elected in 11 multi-member constituencies via party list proportional representation. Candidates from parties with legal political party-list, which requires either ≥5 Diet members or ≥1 Diet member and ≥2% of the nationwide vote in one tier of a recent national election, are allowed to stand in a constituency and be present on the party list. If they lose their constituency vote, they may still be elected in the proportionally allocated seats; however, if such a dual candidate wins less than 10% of the vote in their majoritarian constituency, they are also disqualified as a proportional candidate.[40]

Political parties

[edit]
See also: List of political parties in Japan
Parties Leader(s) Ideology Seats Status
Last election At dissolution
Liberal Democratic Party Sanae Takaichi Conservatism
Japanese nationalism
191 / 465
198 / 465
 Governing coalition
Japan Innovation Party Hirofumi Yoshimura
Fumitake Fujita 		Conservatism
Right-wing populism
38 / 465
34 / 465
Centrist Reform Alliance Yoshihiko Noda
Tetsuo Saito 		Centrism
148 / 465
[b]
167 / 465
 Opposition
24 / 465
[c]
Democratic Party For the People Yuichiro Tamaki Conservatism
28 / 465
27 / 465
Reiwa Shinsengumi Taro Yamamoto Progressivism
Left-wing populism
9 / 465
8 / 465
Japanese Communist Party Tomoko Tamura Communism
8 / 465
8 / 465
Tax Cuts Japan and Yukoku Alliance Kazuhiro Haraguchi
Takashi Kawamura 		Right-wing populism
Conservatism 		Did not exist
5 / 465
Sanseitō Sohei Kamiya Right-wing populism
Ultraconservatism
3 / 465
2 / 465
Conservative Party of Japan Naoki Hyakuta Right-wing populism
Ultranationalism
3 / 465
1 / 465
Social Democratic Party Mizuho Fukushima Social democracy
1 / 465
0 / 465
Independents and others N/a N/a
12 / 465
15 / 465
 Mixed
Candidates by party
Source: NHK

Campaign

[edit]
Number of registered candidates by party[41]
Party Before election Const. PR Running in both Total
LDP 198 285 319 267 337
CRA 167 202 234 200 236
Ishin 34 87 86 84 89
DPP 27 102 103 101 104
JCP 8 158 23 5 176
Reiwa 8 18 25 12 31
Tax Cuts 5 13 18 13 18
Sansei 2 182 55 47 190
CPJ 1 6 20 6 20
SDP 0 8 15 8 15
Mirai 0 6 15 6 15
CES 0 0 2 0 2
Others 0 11 – – 11
Ind. 15 41 – – 41
Total 465 1,119 915 749 1,285
The press conference where Takaichi announced her intention to hold an early general election.

Riding on the high approval ratings of her cabinet, the snap election was seen as a power move to boost Sanae Takaichi's mandate and gain a majority in the lower house, which was only one seat away if including the Nippon Ishin No Kai.[42][43][44][24] Takaichi also announced that she would resign as prime minister if the ruling bloc did not win a majority.[45] The LDP was campaigning on its promises of increased spending, tax cuts, in the name of "responsible yet aggressive fiscal policy", and a new security strategy by abolishing the "five categories" which restricted defence equipment exports to non-combat purposes.[46] The party also looked to tighten rules on foreign acquisition of housing and land, in order to woo the conservative voters.[47]

Despite being the largest opposition party after the merge, the Centrist Reform Alliance (CRA) target of changing the government apparently faded into the background given the prevalent multi-party situation which made it difficult for a single party to gain a majority. The coalition aimed to accelerating political restructuring, with the possibility of the Democratic Party for the People (DPP) and part of the LDP joining the coalition after the election in mind.[45] Komeito candidates only ran in proportional representation seats in this election, with its voters' inclination becoming a focus of attention due to the previously longstanding cooperative relationship with the LDP.[45] The party campaigned on "putting ordinary citizens first and their livelihoods at the center" and lowering the consumption tax on food to zero, as well as the LDP slush fund scandal, by proposing stricter rules on corporate and group donations.[47][48]

Nippon Ishin No Kai, LDP coalition partner, recommended LDP candidates in over 80 constituencies.[45] The reports of an election prompted both Yoshimura (governor of Osaka Prefecture) and Hideyuki Yokoyama (mayor of Osaka) to resign from their posts with the aim of running for re-election alongside the general election, as well as to seek endorsement of the Osaka Metropolis Plan.[49] The party said to carry out reforms that the LDP had not been able to implement, with the focus on national security, economic security and economic growth and the aim to reduce consumption tax on food to zero.[48]

The right-leaning DPP, which gained significant ground in the 2025 Japanese House of Councillors election, pledged to ensure that everyone's take-home pay would be increased by 60,000 yen per year.[48] It also called for consumption tax reduction to 5% until wage growth stabilised at 2% above inflation.[47]

The Japan Communist Party (JCP) called for immediate cut of consumption tax to 5% and its eventual abolition, while sought to legalise the option of separate surnames for married couples and same-sex marriage, as well as correcting the gender pay gap,[47] while the left-wing pacifist Reiwa Shinsengumi is campaigning on abolishing the consumption tax, providing a stopgap cash payment of 100,000 yen, lowering social insurance premiums and not participating in the war business.[48]

On 24 January, two new minor right-wing parties, Tax Cuts Japan and Yukoku Alliance and the New Unionist Party, were announced by former MPs Kazuhiro Haraguchi (also former Minister for Internal Affairs and Communications) and Takashi Kawamura, along with the independents.[50][51] Five incumbent MPs have joined the party, qualifying it for national party status.[52] The party also campaigned on abolishing the consumption tax and investing in developing hypersonic missiles.[47][48]

Sohei Kamiya, the leader of the far-right "Japanese First" political party Sanseitō, said that the party plans to field candidates in LDP constituencies where the incumbent has "advocated multicultural coexistence".[53] It campaigned on abolishing the consumption tax, while also opposing the "excessive acceptance of immigrants" by limiting their numbers.[48]

Debates

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2026 Japanese general election debates
Date Host Format Venue
  •  P  Present
  •  I  Invited
  •  S  Surrogate
  •  NI  Not invited
  •  A  Absent
  •  N  No debate
LDP CRA Ishin DPP Reiwa JCP Tax Cuts Sansei CPJ SDP Mirai
26 January Japan National Press Club Debate Japan National Press Club, Tokyo[54][55] P
Takaichi 		P
Noda 		P
Fujita 		P
Tamaki 		P
Ōishi 		P
Tamura 		NI
Haraguchi 		P
Kamiya 		NI
Hyakuta 		NI
Fukushima 		NI
Anno
1 February NHK (Nichiyō Tōron) Debate NHK Broadcasting Center, Tokyo[56] S
Tamura 		P
Saito 		P
Yoshimura 		P
Tamaki 		P
Ōishi 		P
Tamura 		P
Haraguchi 		P
Kamiya 		P
Hyakuta 		P
Fukushima 		P
Anno

Opinion polling

[edit]
Main article: Opinion polling for the 2026 Japanese general election
LOESS curve of the party identification polling for the next Japanese general election with a 7-day average

Notes

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See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
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  28. ^ "立憲民主と公明、新党結成を視野に調整 15日に両党幹部が協議へ：朝日新聞" [Constitutional democracy, Komeito, and coordination with a view to the formation of a new party: On the 15th, the leaders of the two parties will discuss]. 朝日新聞 (in Japanese). 14 January 2026. Archived from the original on 14 January 2026. Retrieved 14 January 2026.
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  30. ^ "「『一体どういうことなのか』と憤りの打電」立憲民主党、公明党が新党「中道改革」に向けて調整に 政権交代を想定する声もあるが、新党側も一枚岩ではなさそう" ["WTF is it?!" Constitutional Democratic Party of Japan, Komeito to coordinate for the new party "Centrist Reform Alliance" Some people assume regime change, but the new party side also does not seem to be monolithic!]. Togetter [トゥギャッター] (in Japanese). 15 January 2026. Archived from the original on 19 January 2026. Retrieved 15 January 2026.
  31. ^ "【詳報】立憲民主と公明、新党結成で合意 党名は「中道改革」で調整：朝日新聞" [[Full report] Constitutional Democratic Party and Komeito agree to form new party; party name to be decided as "Centrist Reform"]. 朝日新聞 (in Japanese). 15 January 2026. Archived from the original on 15 January 2026. Retrieved 15 January 2026.
  32. ^ "速報". テレ朝NEWS (in Japanese). Archived from the original on 16 January 2026. Retrieved 16 January 2026.
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  36. ^ "【独自分析】公明票が立憲に？ 衆院選"議席"シミュレーション 自民・立憲で逆転も". ライブドアニュース (in Japanese). Archived from the original on 15 January 2026. Retrieved 15 January 2026.
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  41. ^ 日本放送協会. "党派別立候補者数". www.nhk.or.jp (in Japanese).
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  45. ^ a b c d "衆院選公示 選挙の焦点". NHK. 28 January 2026.
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  48. ^ a b c d e f "【演説全文・全編動画】衆議院選挙公示 党首らの訴えは？". NHK. 27 January 2026.
  49. ^ "Osaka governor, mayor to resign for double election over metropolis plan". Mainichi Daily News. 14 January 2026. Archived from the original on 15 January 2026. Retrieved 14 January 2026.
  50. ^ "【速報】＜衆院選＞原口一博氏と河村たかし氏が合流し新党「減税日本・ゆうこく連合」を立ち上げ 政党要件を満たす（佐賀新聞）". Yahoo!ニュース (in Japanese). Retrieved 24 January 2026.
  51. ^ 産経新聞 (24 January 2026). "「原口新党」は「減税日本・ゆうこく連合」河村氏と共同代表「ワクチン健康被害争点に」". 産経新聞：産経ニュース (in Japanese). Retrieved 27 January 2026.
  52. ^ "Japan lawmaker critical of opposition alliance to launch new party". Japan Wire by KYODO NEWS. 24 January 2026. Retrieved 24 January 2026.
  53. ^ 慎平, 奥原 (14 January 2026). "参政・神谷氏、多文化共生掲げる自民議員には「候補者たてる」 目標は「30～40」議席" [Councillor Kamiya: "We will field candidates" for LDP lawmakers who advocate multicultural coexistence, aiming for "30-40" seats]. 産経新聞：産経ニュース (in Japanese). Archived from the original on 14 January 2026. Retrieved 14 January 2026.
  54. ^ https://www.chinadailyasia.com/hk/article/627988
  55. ^ https://mainichi.jp/english/articles/20260127/p2g/00m/0na/022000c
  56. ^ "各党に問う 衆院選の争点は". NHK. 1 February 2026.
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