President of Bulgaria
| President of the Republic of Bulgaria | |
|---|---|
| Президент на България | |
 | |
.jpg) | |
| Style | Her Excellency (diplomatic) Ms. President (informal, more widely used) |
| Residence | Sofia (office), Boyana (residential) |
| Appointer | Direct elections |
| Term length | 5 years renewable once |
| Constituting instrument | Constitution of Bulgaria (1991) |
| Precursor | State Council (1971-1990) Chairman (President) (1990-1992) |
| Inaugural holder | Zhelyu Zhelev Modern presidency; Petar Mladenov as inaugural Chairman (President) |
| Formation | 3 April 1990 (chairman (president) 22 January 1992 (modern presidency) |
| Deputy | Vice President |
| Salary | 7 199,38 € per month[1] |
| Website | www |
|
|---|
The president of the Republic of Bulgaria (Bulgarian: Президент на Република България, romanised: Prezident na Republika Bălgariya) is the head of state of Bulgaria and the commander-in-chief of the Bulgarian Armed Forces. The official residence of the president is at Boyana Residence, Sofia.
In Bulgaria the main function of the president is to be the arbitrator of disputes between Bulgaria's different institutions. They are not considered head of government or part of the nation's executive power. However, in the absence of a prime minister, presidents are in charge of appointing an interim administration, giving them considerable influence over the government during such periods (Zhelyu Zhelev in 1994-95; Petar Stoyanov in 1997; Rosen Plevneliev in 2013 and 2014; Rumen Radev in 2017, 2021, and since 2022; and Iliana Iotova in 2026). On some occasions, the president has appointed the prime minister as well.[2]
The president is elected for a five-year term and is restricted to two terms, even if they are non-successive. After an individual has served two terms as president, that individual will forever be barred from being elected to the presidency again under the rules set out by Bulgaria's Constitution.[3] The president addresses the nation on national television annually on New Year's Eve, just moments before the start of the new year.[4]
Election
[edit]Eligibility for election
[edit]For a Bulgarian citizen to be able to run for the office of President of Bulgaria, they must fulfil the following conditions:[3]
- Must be a Bulgarian citizen by birth
- Must be at least 40 years old
- Must have lived in Bulgaria for the five years prior to the candidacy
- Must fulfil all conditions that would be required for election as a representative to Bulgaria's National Assembly
Electoral system
[edit]The president is elected directly by the Bulgarian people in a two-round majoritarian election. If a candidate manages to obtain more than 50% of the vote and the voter turnout was at least 50% in the first round, that candidate is elected. If no candidate manages to obtain more than 50% of the vote or the voter turnout was lower than 50% in the first round, then the two top-performing candidates face off in a second round with first-past-the-post voting, with the candidate receiving the larger number of votes considered elected.[a][3]
Restrictions
[edit]The president is banned from also being a member of the National Assembly, as well taking on any other government, public or private offices for the duration of his term. The president is also constitutionally forbidden from being involved in a leadership position of a political party while in office.[3]
In practice, despite the fact that most candidates for president are elected from a political party's list[5] and despite the fact that the Constitution doesn't forbid the president from being an ordinary member of a political party, it is widely expected in Bulgarian society that the president be above politics. For this reason, longstanding convention calls for the president-elect to suspend any membership in a political party.[6][7][8]
Powers and privileges
[edit]The president of Bulgaria has a number of functions and powers that are regulated in Chapter 4 of the 1991 Constitution of Bulgaria. The president is elected directly by a popular vote for a period of five years which is renewable.
Presidential powers
[edit]The following powers belong to the president of Bulgaria:[3]
- The ability to give, restore or revoke[b] Bulgarian citizenship, and refugee status.
- Appoint and dismiss senior government officials
- Exercise the right to pardon convicted criminals, as well as forgive 'uncollectible' debts owed to the government
- Rename villages, towns and cities, as well as objects of national importance
- Act as Supreme commander-in-chief of the Bulgarian Armed Forces
- Represent Bulgaria at home and abroad
- Schedule the National and local elections within the intervals designated by law
- Veto any bill coming from the National Assembly by refusing to sign it after its passage in the assembly.[c]
- Declares war, martial law or any other state of emergency (This is done with the assistance of the Consultative Council on National Security)
- Grant and award the orders, decorations, and medals of Bulgaria
Immunity
[edit]The president enjoys blanket legal immunity during his or her tenure and is not held responsible for any act performed while on duty, with the exception of treason or violation of the Bulgarian constitution. His or her authority may only be stripped via impeachment and may not be removed by any other institution. The president cannot be detained and may not be prosecuted.[3]
List of presidents of Bulgaria (1990–present)
[edit]| No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) |
Term | Party | Endorsing parties | Election | Vice President | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 
|
Zhelyu Zhelev (1935–2015) |
1 August 1990 – 22 January 1997 |
SDS | SDS DPS |
1990 | Atanas Semerdzhiev | |
| 1992 | Blaga Dimitrova | |||||||
| Vacant: 6 July 1993 – 22 January 1997 | ||||||||
| 2 | .png)
|
Petar Stoyanov (1952–) |
22 January 1997 – 22 January 2002 |
SDS | SDS BZNS DP DPS (as ODS) |
1996 | Todor Kavaldzhiev | |
| 3 | 
|
Georgi Parvanov (1957–) |
22 January 2002 – 22 January 2012 |
BSP | BSP | 2001 | Angel Marin | |
| BSP DPS NDSV (as the three-party coalition) |
2006 | |||||||
| 4 | 
|
Rosen Plevneliev (1964–) |
22 January 2012 – 22 January 2017 |
GERB | GERB | 2011 | Margarita Popova | |
| 5 | 
|
Rumen Radev (1963–) |
22 January 2017 – 23 January 2026 |
Independent | BSP | 2016 | Iliana Iotova | |
| BSP ITN IBG-NI PP |
2021 | |||||||
| 6 |
|
Iliana Iotova
(1964–) |
23 January 2026 – Present |
BSP | Vacant | |||
Living former presidents
[edit]| Name | Mandate | Date of birth |
|---|---|---|
| Petar Stoyanov | 1997 – 2002 | 25 May 1952 |
| Georgi Parvanov | 2002 – 2012 | 28 June 1957 |
| Rosen Plevneliev | 2012 – 2017 | 14 May 1964 |
| Rumen Radev | 2017 – 2026 | 18 June 1963 |
The most recent death of a former president was that of Zhelyu Zhelev (1990–1997), who died on 30 January 2015 at the age of 79.
Vice president
[edit]The president is assisted in these duties by the vice president of Bulgaria. The vice president replaces the president in case of absence. Only upon the death, resignation, removal from office or disability of the president, the vice president assumes the presidential powers & duties, until elections are held. The Constitution permits the president to delegate to the vice president the powers to appoint and dismiss certain officials, issue pardons and amnesty, provide citizenship and refugee status, but does not allow the president to delegate any of his other powers. He or she enjoys the same privileges of immunity as the president and can only be dismissed from his office under the same procedures as those regarding the president.[3]
Termination of office
[edit]According to the constitution, the mandate of the president is completed if and when:[3]
- The presidential term expires
- The president resigns before the Constitutional Court
- The president is permanently unable to perform his/her duties due to serious illness
- The president dies while in office
- The president is impeached
Impeachment
[edit]Impeachment can only begin if the president has committed treason or has violated the Constitution of Bulgaria. Impeachment starts after at least a quarter of the members of the National Assembly deposit an accusatory act before the assembly. The act must then be approved by a supermajority of 2/3 of all elected representatives in order to be accepted. If accepted, the case is referred to the Constitutional Court of Bulgaria, which must decide within a one-month time span whether or not the president is guilty of the crime he has been accused of by the Assembly. If the constitutional court finds that the president has committed treason or violated the constitution, as per the accusatory act, then the president is considered successfully impeached and is stripped of his authority.[3]
Bulgarian presidential line of succession
[edit]- 1. Vice President of Bulgaria
- 2. Chairman of the National Assembly of Bulgaria
- 3. Prime Minister of Bulgaria
Latest election
[edit]| Candidate | Running mate | Party | First round | Second round | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Votes | % | Votes | % | ||||
| Rumen Radev | Iliana Iotova | Independent (BSPzB, PP, ITN, IBG-NI) | 1,322,385 | 49.42 | 1,539,650 | 66.72 | |
| Anastas Gerdzhikov | Nevyana Miteva | Independent (GERB–SDS) | 610,862 | 22.83 | 733,791 | 31.80 | |
| Mustafa Karadayi | Iskra Mihaylova | Movement for Rights and Freedoms | 309,681 | 11.57 | |||
| Kostadin Kostadinov | Elena Guncheva | Revival | 104,832 | 3.92 | |||
| Lozan Panov | Maria Kasimova | Independent (Democratic Bulgaria) | 98,488 | 3.68 | |||
| Luna Yordanova | Iglena Ilieva | Independent | 21,733 | 0.81 | |||
| Volen Siderov | Magdalena Tasheva | Attack | 14,792 | 0.55 | |||
| Svetoslav Vitkov | Veselin Belokonski | People's Voice | 13,972 | 0.52 | |||
| Milen Mihov | Mariya Tsvetkova | VMRO – Bulgarian National Movement | 13,376 | 0.50 | |||
| Rosen Milenov | Ivan Ivanov | Independent | 12,644 | 0.47 | |||
| Goran Blagoev | Ivelina Georgieva | Republicans for Bulgaria | 12,323 | 0.46 | |||
| Veselin Mareshki | Polina Tsankova | Volya Movement | 10,536 | 0.39 | |||
| Valeri Simeonov | Tsvetan Manchev | Patriotic Front | 8,568 | 0.32 | |||
| Nikolay Malinov | Svetlana Koseva | Russophiles for the Revival of the Fatherland | 8,213 | 0.31 | |||
| Tsveta Kirilova | Georgi Tutanov | Independent | 7,706 | 0.29 | |||
| Aleksandar Tomov | Lachezar Avramov | Bulgarian Social Democratic Party–EuroLeft | 7,235 | 0.27 | |||
| Boyan Rasate | Elena Vatashka | Bulgarian National Union – New Democracy | 6,798 | 0.25 | |||
| Marina Malcheva | Savina Lukanova | Independent | 6,315 | 0.24 | |||
| Zhelyo Zhelev | Kalin Krulev | Society for a New Bulgaria | 6,154 | 0.23 | |||
| Blagoy Petrevski | Sevina Hadjiyska | Bulgarian Union for Direct Democracy | 5,518 | 0.21 | |||
| Yolo Denev | Mario Filev | Independent | 5,394 | 0.20 | |||
| Maria Koleva | Gancho Popov | Pravoto | 4,666 | 0.17 | |||
| Georgi Georgiev-Goti | Stoyan Tsvetkov | Bulgarian National Unification | 2,958 | 0.11 | |||
| None of the above | 60,786 | 2.27 | 34,169 | 1.48 | |||
| Total | 2,675,935 | 100.00 | 2,307,610 | 100.00 | |||
| Valid votes | 2,675,935 | 99.65 | 2,307,610 | 99.83 | |||
| Invalid/blank votes | 9,487 | 0.35 | 3,909 | 0.17 | |||
| Total votes | 2,685,422 | 100.00 | 2,311,519 | 100.00 | |||
| Registered voters/turnout | 6,667,895 | 40.27 | 6,672,935 | 34.64 | |||
| Source: Electoral Commission of Bulgaria (first round), Electoral Commission of Bulgaria (second round) | |||||||
See also
[edit]- Corruption in Bulgaria
- Government of Bulgaria
- History of Bulgaria
- List of Bulgarian monarchs
- List of heads of state of Bulgaria
- List of presidents of Bulgaria (1990–present)
- Politics of Bulgaria
- Prime Minister of Bulgaria
Notes
[edit]- ^ Bulgarian election law permits voters to vote against all candidates. In reality, this has no effect, as those votes aren't counted during the tally and as such would not affect the outcome of the election.
- ^ Revocation of citizenship can only be done to citizens who acquired their citizenship through the process of naturalization and not to native-born Bulgarians. It can only be applied after the citizen in question has been convicted of a serious crime and even then cannot be performed if the revocation would cause the person to enter into statelessness (i.e. has no other citizenship).
- ^ In practice this power is very weak, as after a veto the bill is sent back to the assembly for another vote, in which the veto can be overruled by a simple majority. If the veto is overruled, the President is constitutionally obliged to sign the bill into law.
References
[edit]- ^ "Here are the salaries of the deputies, the president, the prime minister and the chairman of the National Assembly". 18 November 2024.
- ^ "Bulgaria President Appoints Social Policy Advisor Interim PM". Balkan Insight. 1 August 2022. Retrieved 22 February 2023.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i "Constitution of the Republic of Bulgaria". www.parliament.bg. Chapter 4. Retrieved 21 October 2019.
- ^ "Трите символа на телевизионната Нова година - приветствие, часовник и Дунавско". www.24chasa.bg. Retrieved 21 October 2019.
- ^ Тотева, Паолина (26 August 2016). "Коларова: Никой президент не е напълно независим". Flashnews (in Bulgarian). Retrieved 21 October 2019.
- ^ "Надпартиен президент? То е като коледното намаление". www.24chasa.bg. Retrieved 21 October 2019.
- ^ "България има нужда от надпартиен президент, смята Меглена Кунева". www.dnevnik.bg (in Bulgarian). 2 May 2011. Retrieved 21 October 2019.
- ^ "Президентът трябва да е надпартиен". Fakti.bg. Retrieved 21 October 2019.
External links
[edit]
Media related to Category:Presidents of Bulgaria at Wikimedia Commons
